Puzzmo is one of the best puzzle game apps out there. Their puzzles are terrific, their games are as diverse as they are engaging, and if you’re not using the app, you’re missing out.
And they just put out a request for puzzle game submissions to add to their dynamite lineup:
We’re thinking about having a handful of games from members of our community appear on Puzzmo later this year. We’re always working towards Puzzmo being the place for thoughtful puzzles, so this project is us trying to connect our platform and community with interesting new games that otherwise don’t have a perfect place to be noticed and played on the internet.
But be timely about it, the window for submissions only lasts until October 2nd!
And speaking of puzzles, I’ve got one for you to solve today.
I didn’t have time to finish this one last weekend, so sadly, it’s not as timely as I’d like.
One of my favorite character actors, Gerrit Graham, passed away recently, and I wanted to do a little tribute puzzle to him. Rather than a usual crossword grid, I thought I’d use a cryptic-style grid, so I could put more themed entries in the puzzle than a traditional crossword would allow.
Even with this looser format and fewer crossings, I still couldn’t fit in all the film and TV references I wanted to. I had to leave out the films Used Cars, The Little Mermaid, and Police Academy 6: City Under Siege (which sucks, but he’s GREAT in), as well as noteworthy appearances on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Star Trek: Voyager, Parker Lewis Can’t Lose, Tales from the Crypt, Sledge Hammer!, The Tick, and Babylon 5. (He also wrote teleplays for The Twilight Zone!)
I wanted to do one more Sudoku-centric post for Sudoku Month, so I figured I’d take a look at different solving techniques!
Sudoku is all about deduction, but you’d be surprised what you can learn from different number patterns and arrangements. There is plenty of information lurking in those grids beyond the given digits.
Let’s take a look!
Many how-to-solve guides suggest utilizing candidates to assist with your solving. Candidates are all of the possible numbers that could be in a given cell, and most Sudoku apps have a feature allowing you to list them onscreen for ease of solving.
It can absolutely be an advantage, especially if you have a hard time keeping track of possible numbers in different locations of the grid while you’re solving.
But keep in mind, especially for solvers newer to Sudoku, the amount of information can also be a bit overwhelming, obscuring paths forward.
In this grid (which I nabbed from r/Sudoku), you can see all the candidates placed. But I suspect a less experienced solver might not spot my next step because of ALL the noise onscreen. Viewing all the candidates can take some getting used to.
But if you look in Box 7 (the lower-left 3×3 section of the grid), you’ll find your next move.
There, if you look at the first column, you can see that the 7 can only be in one of those two boxes. (Otherwise, there’s no 7 at all in that column.) Which means the seven isn’t a candidate for the bottom cell or the cell to the right of the 8. In fact, that means we can place that 2 in the bottom cell immediately.
And from that point, we can place the 7 in Box 8, as well as the 9 and the 2 in Box 2 (column 6). One quick deduction, and we’ve placed four digits!
From that point, we can fill in the rest of Box 8 and we’re off to the races.
Now that was pretty simple, so let’s look at something a little more complex. This technique is called X-Wings, and it’s all about pattern recognition.
Start looking for columns or rows with only two instances of a particular candidate (for example, the number 4). If you can find two rows, each with only two places that a 4 can be, and they’re the same in both rows, you might have an X-Wing. Now check the crossing columns. If two columns also have only two instances of that candidate 4 in the same position (making a square or rectangle), you’ve got an X-Wing.
Okay, I know that was A LOT, so let’s look at it in grid form to help you visualize. (This grid comes from the book Sudoku Rocks! by David Klein.)
In this example, look at columns 6 and 8. Each column only has two candidate 5s (in Box 8 and Box 9, respectively). And those candidate 5s are in the same positions in the crossing rows (row 7 and 9).
Those four candidate 5s form a square, so we’ve got an X-Wing here.
How does that help us?
Well, we know that there are no other 5s in those two columns. But what we also know is that, no matter which 5 is correct, both of those intersecting rows (rows 7 and 9) are also covered. That X-Wing will contain two 5s diagonally one way or the other.
So that means any of the other 5s listed as candidates in those two rows can be crossed out.
This may seem trivial, but we can already place a number because of it. By crossing out the 5s in Box 7, there is only one place in column 2 that a 5 can go. Right at the top, in Box 1.
This pattern in the lower right-hand corner just gave us a confirmed number in the upper left-hand corner. Pretty cool!
Now, after learning X-Wings, we can explore another pattern variation: Y-Wings (also known as XY-Wings).
In an XY-Wing, you’re identifying a square or rectangular pattern of candidates in the grid that influence each other, similar to an X-Wing layout.
One of the corners of the square will be the target, where you hope to eliminate one of the candidates. The neighboring corners of the square will be the pincers, closing in on your answer. And the final corner is called the pivot. By testing the candidates in this square (pivoting between the choices), we will learn something about our target cell.
It takes some practice to learn to spot XY-Wings, but when you manage it, you’ve added a valuable tool to your Sudoku solving kit.
Here is another grid I grabbed off r/Sudoku. Can you spot the XY-Wing in the lower right-hand corner of the grid?
It’s okay if you can’t! It definitely took me a minute to spot it.
In this case, the cell in Box 6 will be our target, the cell in Box 8 is our pivot, and the other two are our pincers.
In Box 8, our circled cell has two options, 2 and 3. If the answer is 2, the pincer above in Box 5 is a 9. If the answer is 3, the pincer to the right in Box 9 is a 9. So, no matter what’s in Box 8, one of those two pincers will be a 9.
And since both of those pincers are in a row or column with the circled cell in Box 6, we know that cell CANNOT be a 9. So it must be a 2.
And once we’ve placed that 2, we can place the 9 in Box 5, the 2 in Box 5, the 3 in Box 2, the 9 in Box 2, and more! All from one deduction.
Hopefully these tools and techniques will help you with your Sudoku solving in the future, fellow puzzler!
Would you like me to return to this subject in the future? There are plenty of advanced techniques out there to explore, like Two-String Kite, Skyscraper, or Finned X-Wings. If you’d like to see more posts like this (for Sudoku or other puzzles), please let me know in the comment section below! I’d love to hear from you.
We’re dressed To the Nines and this is the Number Place to be!
I waxed both lyrical and nostalgic about Sudoku in yesterday’s post, so let’s get down to business with today’s bonus puzzle!
I’ve got two different versions of a Cluedoku puzzle for you.
Like Sudoku, Cluedoku involves placing the digits 1 through 9 into each row, column, and 3×3 square in the grid. But unlike Sudoku, there are no set letters.
Instead, you have 81 clues, one for every cell in the grid. Once you’ve solved a clue and placed a number in the grid, standard Sudoku rules apply: that number will only appear once in a row, column, or 3×3 square.
I hope you enjoy this variation on the traditional Sudoku format. And if you have a favorite Sudoku variant that ISN’T Cluedoku, feel free to share it in the comment section below! I’d love to hear from you.
Tomorrow, 9/9, is International Sudoku Day. And while I have a special Sudoku puzzle planned for tomorrow, I wanted to take some time today to talk about this puzzle.
Because, honestly, Sudoku is kind of amazing.
It’s a logic puzzle — a deduction puzzle — that looks like a math puzzle. (And, in fact, its genuinely mathier cousins Kenken and Cross Sums/Kakuro don’t have a tenth of the audience that Sudoku does.)
It’s one of the very few puzzles I can think of that requires no introduction, no words, no guidance. If you just look at that grid, you inherently know what you need to do.
That’s a very rare thing. I mean, sure, if you look at a logic puzzle — the premise, the grid, the hints to help eliminate things — you can pick it up quickly. A crossword is fairly universal, but still requires the outside knowledge of vocabulary, facts, and wordplay each solver brings.
Sudoku is clean, simple, and irrefutable. It crosses linguistic and cultural barriers with ease.
And yet, it took decades to become an overnight sensation.
Similar puzzles can be traced back to France in the 1890s, but Sudoku as we know it was featured in Dell Pencil Puzzles and Word Games in 1979 under the name Number Place (though it has also been called To The Nines), thanks to constructor Howard Garns.
Links to a solvable online version of each of those two puzzles are here and here. Try out these half-century-old puzzles!
Wayne Gould kickstarted a UK Sudoku craze after creating a generation program for the puzzles and selling it to The Times in London.
Maki Kaji began championing Sudoku in the 1980s in Japan with his puzzle magazine Nikoli, and he’s why most people know the puzzle as Sudoku now. (Originally the puzzle was called Suuji wa dokushin ni kagiru, or “numbers should be single.” Maki later took the suggestion to shorten it to Sudoku.)
We can literally track the puzzle’s expansion across the years, and its rebirth as Sudoku in the 2000s, because many puzzle solvers have lived through Sudoku’s entire modern lifespan.
And it’s baffling, isn’t it? That Sudoku feels so timeless and universal, but is relatively young, as puzzles go.
We’ve been playing with words for far longer than we’ve been playing with numbers. Anagrams and riddles go back centuries upon centuries. They’ve been playing Go in China for more than 2,500 years, and the Royal Game of Ur dates back to the third millennium BC.
Sudoku is just a pup compared to them, but it’s among the most widely solved and recognizable puzzles.
I’ve spent a lot of timing thinking about (and writing about) Sudoku over the years. A decade ago, I tried to calculate how many of the 5-and-a-half billion possible unique Sudoku puzzles had been published up to that point.
And yet, I’m still fascinated by every new twist. I try every variant I see clever constructors come up with. I inevitably watch every video where someone solves the hot new “impossible” Sudoku.
In less than half the time crosswords have been around, Sudoku has swept across the world and become a household name.
True, there haven’t been any Sudoku musical revues or pop songs — at least, not that I’m aware of! — but it remains one of the most ubiquitous pen-and-paper puzzles in the world today.
“Numbers should be single.” Maybe. But I like the message of Number Place better: every number in its place. An unsolved Sudoku grid shan’t remain empty for long.
For today’s post, I’ve gathered a few tidbits from around the world of puzzles to keep you informed. We’ve got puzzles to solve, a discount code, a new crossword tournament in 2027, and more!
It’s a multi-page printout because the puzzle is loaded with trivia and references to her life, career, and accomplishments. It was clearly a labor of love, one that George kindly allowed me to share with all of you.
A new crossword tournament has been announced for 2027, as crosswords are coming to Canada!
The Canadian Crossword Open will be held on June 5th in Toronto! And they’ve already got constructors announced for the event.
Emma Lawson, Will Nediger, Ada Nicolle, Jess Shulman, and Nam Jin Yoon are all constructing for the tournament.
Not only that, but they’re hosting an open submission contest for Canadian constructors to contribute a puzzle to the inaugural tournament. Click here for more details!
Did you know that September is Sudoku Month? (At least, according to one calendar I saw.)
Well, apparently it is, and our friends at Penny/Dell Puzzles are running a promotion all month!
They’re offering a 15% off discount code on all Sudoku magazines, subscriptions, and value packs.
Just use the code “ilovesudoku” on their website to receive your discount and indulge in some Sudoku solving!
It’s always important when a constructor identifies a gap in the market or a group that is being underrepresented in puzzles.
Construct Robin Stears (a previous contributor to The Inkubator, Women of Letters, and several These Puzzles Fund Abortions collections) recently lamented the lack of an outlet featuring women-focused crosswords.
So she decided to create one herself.
Go to her Patreon to sample her Midi puzzles highlighting the accomplishments of women. You can download PDFs or solve digitally with puz versions of these 9×9 crosswords.
It’s a worthwhile endeavor to be sure, so please check it out.
Were there any stories or puzzly promotions this week that I missed? Let me know in the comments section below! I’d love to hear from you.
“The way to deal with an impossible task was to chop it down into a number of merely very difficult tasks, and break each one of them into a group of horribly hard tasks, and each of them into tricky jobs, and each of them…”
A riddle, a puzzle, an impossible task… literary heroes are often forced to unravel, solve, or outmaneuver devious traps, tricks, and plots as part of their heroic journey.
I particularly love when the hero comes up with a unique or creative solution to the problem, often turning it on their opponent. And Sir Terry Pratchett, author of the DiscWorld series (among many other wonderful books) was a master craftsman of scenarios like this.
So today, I thought I would look at some of these puzzling scenarios and impossible tasks, and see how the protagonists penned by Terry Pratchett bested them with brains more than brawn.
One of the classic examples of the Impossible Task is the Gordian Knot. This knot secured an ox cart to a post. The knot was described as several knots all so tightly entangled that it was impossible to find the ends or see how they were fastened. It was said that whoever untied it would rule Asia.
Alexander the Great defeated the knot in one of two inventive ways, depending on the source. He either removed the linchpin from the pole, exposing the two ends of the cord and allowing him to untie it, or more famously, he sliced the knot in two with a single stroke of his sword.
Pratchett had his own take on this concept in The Amazing Maurice and his Educated Rodents, his version of the Pied Piper story where a sentient cat used friendly mice and a fake piper to con villagers out of their money.
In one village where something sinister is afoot, Maurice the cat was confronted by Spider, a rat king (and monstrous psychic being) formed from rats whose tails are intertwined.
Much like Alexander, Maurice unraveled the knot by biting through all the entangled rat tails, forcing them to separate and defeating the amalgamated being.
One of the most deviously clever denizens of the DiscWorld is Esmerelda Weatherwax, aka Granny Weatherwax. She is a witch who serves the people of Lancre, using magic, common sense, and her particular knack for dealing with people, which she calls Headology.
Granny crosses paths with dark forces, ambitious magic users, and other threats to the land of Lancre, and has found herself in puzzling scenarios more than once.
In one example, Granny is trapped somewhere between death and life. Her only companion is the physical embodiment of Death (who gets his own font in DiscWorld books). She is given the choice between venturing into the light and venturing into the dark, with no indication which leads back to the land of the living.
Quite poignantly, Granny turns to face the light, then steps backward into the dark.
Fans have two prevailing interpretations of this moment. Some see it simply as a reflection of the idea of “going into the light” meaning moving on from this realm. But others (myself included) see it as Granny once again choosing to defend others, facing the light, but stepping back into the darkness where she is needed most.
During another adventure, Granny is trapped within a mirror realm, again joined by Death.
But this time, she has to figure out which of a billion reflected versions of her is the true one.
(As you can see, someone was inspired by this scene to get a “This one.” tattoo that would only read out properly in a mirror.)
Granny bets on herself, trusting in her own honesty, strength of character, and insight. And she is served well by that choice.
Another DiscWorld novel sees Granny (and her fellow witches, Nanny Ogg and Magrat Garlick) venturing abroad to save her sister Lily from a witch with a specialty in voodoo.
Granny wagers against the powerful Erzulie Gogol, betting on her mastery of Headology vs. Gogol’s voodoo powers. If Granny wins, Lily goes free and the people of Genua are left to their own devices, free of Gogol’s magical influences.
Gogol agrees to leave the city alone, but not to give up Granny’s evil sister.
‘I don’t want to hurt you, Mistress Weatherwax,’ said Mrs. Gogol.
‘That’s good,’ said Granny. ‘I don’t want you to hurt me either.
Defiantly, Granny ignores Gogol menacing her with a voodoo doll and begins walking toward the stairs that lead to her sister.
Gogol continues threatening to stab the doll of Granny, and Weatherwax persists, even going so far as to point out she would be more ruthless than Gogol.
‘I should box a bit clever if I was you, Esme,’ muttered Nanny Ogg. ‘She’s good at this sort of thing.’
‘I think she could be very ruthless,’ said Magrat.
‘I’ve got nothing but the greatest respect for Mrs. Gogol,’ said Granny. ‘A fine woman. But talks a bit too much. If I was her, I’d have had a couple of big nails right through that thing by now.’
Gogol jabs a long sliver of wood into the doll’s foot, then its arm. Everyone sees Granny wince and react to the painful attacks. But Granny continues to climb the stairs, despite Gogol stabbing another sliver into the doll’s leg, causing Granny to clutch at the banister.
Granny turns toward Gogol, who threatens to stab the doll’s heart this time.
But Granny instead thrusts her own arm into a nearby torch, causing the doll to burst into flames.
In DiscWorld, belief makes things happen. Gogol believes in her magic, and so does everyone else. Granny turns that belief against her. The magic works both ways, you see, and Granny is made of sterner stuff.
It went on blazing even after the witch had screamed and dropped it on to the floor. It went on burning until Nanny Ogg ambled over with a jug of fruit juice from the buffet, whistling between her teeth, and put it out.
Granny withdrew her hand. It was unscathed.
‘That’s headology,’ she said. ‘It’s the only thing that matters. Everything else is just messin’ about. Hope I didn’t hurt you, Mrs. Gogol.’
She went on up the stairs.
Mrs. Gogol kept on staring at the damp ashes. Nanny Ogg patted her companionably on the shoulder.
‘How did she do that?’ said Mrs. Gogol.
‘She didn’t. She let you do it,’ said Nanny. ‘You got to watch yourself around Esme Weatherwax. I’d like to see one of them Zen buggers come up against her one day.’
‘And she’s the good one?’ said Baron Saturday.
‘Yeah,’ said Nanny. ‘Funny how things work out, really.’
My all-time favorite example in the DiscWorld books comes from The Last Hero, an illustrated adventure where a group of aged heroes, The Silver Horde, seek to climb the mountain of the gods and “return fire to them” (by blowing them up with explosives).
As they are confronted by the various Gods, Cohen the Barbarian is challenged by Fate to do the impossible: to roll a seven on a six-sided die.
Similar to the solution of the Gordian Knot, Cohen throws the die in the air and cuts it in two with his sword, causing the two pieces to fall to the ground, revealing a six and a one.
Now that is thumbing your nose at Fate with style.
It’s all well and good to be lucky, or brave, or tough, but clever? Clever is where it’s at. Clever beats monsters, fire, and Death itself. Clever challenges the reader to imagine how THEY’D get out of the impossible scenario, allowing them to best the bad guy or to be equally surprised by the protagonist’s ingenuity.
And very few authors gave readers the opportunity to be clever with the style and aplomb of Terry Pratchett.
“…she was already learning that if you ignore the rules, people will, half the time, quietly rewrite them so that they don’t apply to you.”
Do you have a favorite moment of puzzly cleverness from literature, fellow puzzlers? Do you have a favorite impossible task that was outwitted, or a devious design unraveled by smarts instead of steel? Let me know in the comments section below! I’d love to hear from you.
