What Crosswords (May) Tell Us About Language

Several friends of the blog linked me to a post in The New York Times about the ever-evolving use of language in crosswords.

Essentially, the authors analyzed the frequency of foreign word use in NYT crosswords, and then extrapolated what that means about our language and our cultural evolution and development over the course of the crossword century.

And the authors unearthed some interesting patterns when it comes to the use of foreign language entries and clues: they’ve gone down. “Foreign-language clues and answers peaked in the 1960s and now make up less than 4 percent.”

The authors point out that this contrasts with the growing globalization of communication and pop culture, perhaps making a statement about crosswords as a linguistic bulwark against dastardly foreign words — the wordy equivalent of keeping the metric system at bay with feet and miles and other Imperial units.

But to me, that simply reflects the ongoing refinement and evolution of puzzles away from obscurities — both foreign and domestic — in favor of better, more accessible crossings. To be honest, a lot of these foreign references qualify as crosswordese, because you’d rarely, if ever, encounter them in casual conversation, even in this increasingly globalized society.

I often joke that crosswords have improved my knowledge of African animals, European rivers, and Asian mountain ranges, none of which really affect my life in any other way. I can file them away with all the high school science I learned, like the definition of osmosis.

Some of their assertions did make me laugh, though. In their closing paragraph, they state:

But we are more likely to encounter Uma as an actress (117 answers since 1990), and not as a Hindu goddess (five answers, none since 1953).

[Pictured: a Hindu goddess enjoying a milkshake.]

And at no point do they mention that Uma as an actress would likely have been used — quite gratefully — by constructors in the ’40s and ’50s, had there been a prominent (or even remotely famous) Uma in films at the time. Heck, I’ve been begging for someone to discover the next megastar Una or Ona or Oona or Ana to help revitalize my cluing.

There will always be a drive to innovate new entries and keep up with the latest in popular culture. That’s part of what maintains the quality and interest in crosswords: they evolve with us.

Admittedly, it’s fun to imagine someone hundreds or thousands of years from now, trying to reconstruct our society and general knowledge based on crossword entries and cluing. They’d no doubt wonder why poetic terminology and female sheep were so important to us.


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Puzzles for Kids?

Puzzling is a terrific activity for people of all ages. But most puzzles are designed with adults in mind, crafted with challenging vocabulary, misleading or tricky cluing, and devious designs meant to test your puzzly mettle.

Kids are often left behind. Why? Because, quite honestly, it’s hard to make quality puzzles with appropriate vocabulary and difficulty levels. Most kids’ puzzles are mind-numbingly easy, almost to the point of being patronizing. Where can you find quality puzzles designed with kids in mind?

Wonder no more! Puzzle constructor, author, and friend of the blog Eric Berlin has recently launched Puzzle Your Kids, a subscription puzzle series featuring topnotch puzzles for ages 9 and up!

Available in three-month, six-month, and one-year increments, each subscription guarantees two puzzles a week emailed right to you and designed with younger solvers in mind. And we’re not talking just crosswords! Based on the sample puzzles on the website, kids can expect some terrific puzzly variations on familiar shapes and styles to keep them on their toes.

[Check out this spiral grid design from one of the sample
puzzles on the website. Click here to see the full puzzle.]

As the author of the thoroughly enjoyable Winston Breen series of YA puzzle novels, Eric has a terrific sense of how to build puzzles that will challenge young minds without frustrating them.

I suspect Puzzle Your Kids will be the perfect gateway for new solvers, and just the fix young, established solvers need to foster a lifelong love of puzzles.

For more details on Puzzle Your Kids, click here to check out the full website.


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It’s Follow-Up Friday: View a Clue Animals edition!

Welcome to Follow-Up Friday!

By this time, you know the drill. Follow-Up Friday is a chance for us to revisit the subjects of previous posts and bring the PuzzleNation audience up to speed on all things puzzly.

And today, we’ve got answers to last week’s View a Clue game!


If you recall, we selected ten animals that commonly show up in crossword grids — some have become crosswordese at this point — to see if the PuzzleNation audience could identify them from pictures.

Without further ado, let’s get to the answers!

#1 (5 letters)

Answer: ELAND, an African antelope

#2 (3 letters)

Answer: KEA, a New Zealand parrot

#3 (3 letters)

Answer: EMU, a flightless Australian bird

#4 (5 letters)

Answer: COATI, a tropical raccoon-like animal

#5 (4 letters)

Answer: NENE, a Hawaiian goose

#6 (3 or 4 letters)

Answer: ERN or ERNE, a sea eagle

#7 (4 letters)

Answer: IBEX, a horned mountain goat

#8 (3 letters)

Answer: SEI, a large whale

#9 (5 letters)

Answer: OKAPI, an African animal and kin to the giraffe

#10 (4 letters)

Answer: ANOA, an Indonesian buffalo


How many did you get? Let me know in the comments below! And if you have ideas for another View a Clue game, tell us below!

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The Art of Puzzle Fort Construction

Members of the PuzzleNation community have been asking for more details on the puzzle fort I built in celebration of International Puzzle Day, so today I happily share my documentation of our celebratory puzzle fort’s construction, brief moments of glory, and demolition. Enjoy.


The initial spark for the fort came from when I stumbled upon this treasure trove of puzzle magazines at the Penny Dell Puzzles offices. They often donate puzzle books to hospitals, troops overseas, and to other worthy causes, and these books were the latest batch to be set aside for such service.

And when I saw these raw materials available, naturally my first thought was…I could build a fort out of these.

So, Friday morning, I rolled up my sleeves and got to work.

I started with a simple brick wall layout for the base of the main wall, alternating magazine positions at the corners Lincoln Logs-style, both for aesthetics and to allow for details like the window feature you can see in progress here, providing much-needed ventilation and light.

Here are the primary support columns flanking the entrance to the fort. Since I was using the actual wall as part of the fort, there was no need for the alternating pattern of the other columns, so I originally went for a straight stack of puzzle books.

At this point, I’d run out of the thicker puzzle books and began working with thinner monthly puzzle titles, raising the columns to accommodate a person’s seated height.

You can also see a new patterning to the column on the left, thanks to some volumes of an old encyclopedia allowing for extra stability and support. The column on the right also shifts slightly as it rises, to compensate for the switch from alternating puzzle book placement to straight stacking.

Here are the completed flourishes beneath the window, allowing for air flow and a bit of visual style, breaking up the pattern of puzzle book spines and text.

I started in on the roof next with the aid of puzzler and friend of the blog Keith Yarbrough. (As you can see on the left side, I also redesigned the main columns to redistribute thicker magazines to the freestanding column for better support.) A few broken-down cardboard boxes made for a fine skeleton for the tiled roof, which you can see the first “shingles” of over to the left.

A close-up of our “shingles,” adding a bit of color and flair to the fort.

Our patchwork roof takes shape nicely here, anchored along the columns by more puzzle books, and providing both style and a touch of extravagance to the whole affair.

This picture offers a sense of how much coverage the roof actually provides, allowing for some suitable shadowing and privacy for fort dwellers (that the flash on my camera obscures in most pictures).

And here is your humble fortsmith, posing inside his creation. All in all, not a bad hour’s work.

It was a big hit around the office, with many fellow puzzlers coming by to admire its magnificence and get photos of themselves inside.

People also asked if I needed to acquire permits to build such a magnificent structure, but since it was built of natural materials sourced from the area itself, I believe it’s technically classified as an igloo, and therefore outside the strictures of building code formalities.

Alas, all good things must come to an end, and I was told the puzzle fort had to be gone before the end of the workday. Forts, much like snowmen, are not meant to last. We must simply appreciate them to the utmost while they are there.

So, with great reluctance, I began disassembling my beloved creation.

But then, disaster struck!

Yes, I was buried by an avalanche of puzzle delightfulness! In that moment, I knew what it felt like to be Corbin the puzzle bear on International Tabletop Day after that fateful round of Jenga.

I dug myself out and resumed demolishing the puzzle fort, endeavoring, as I always do, to leave the place a little better than I found it.

Mission accomplished. And a new International Puzzle Day tradition was born.


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View a Clue: Crossword Animals

Welcome to the third edition of PuzzleNation Blog’s newest feature: the View a Clue game!

I’ve selected ten animals that commonly show up in crossword grids — some have become crosswordese at this point — and I want to see if the PuzzleNation audience can identify them from pictures. It’s a visual puzzle I call View a Clue!

Without further ado, let’s give it a shot!


#1 (5 letters)

#2 (3 letters)

#3 (3 letters)

#4 (5 letters)

#5 (4 letters)

#6 (3 or 4 letters)

#7 (4 letters)

#8 (3 letters)

#9 (5 letters)

#10 (4 letters)


How many did you get? Let me know in the comments below! And if you have ideas for another View a Clue game, tell us below!

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Puzzle History: The first NYT crossword

[A sculpture masquerading as a stack of newspapers.]

I like to think of December as Crossword History Month. It’s rather fitting, seeing as the anniversary of the crossword is celebrated on December 21. (It’ll be 102 this year!)

So it’s only appropriate that David Steinberg, friend of the blog and mastermind of the Pre-Shortzian Puzzle Project, recently published some newly revealed information about another intriguing part of crossword history: the first crossword puzzle published by The New York Times.

On February 15, 1942, a puzzle by Charles Erlenkotter was the very first, starting a long tradition of proud puzzlehood for the Times. (He ended up having eight puzzles featured in the New York Times.) His puzzles were also published by The Washington Post, The New York Herald Tribune, and Simon & Schuster, among many others. In fact, dozens of puzzles are credited to Mr. Erlenkotter.

All of the information released by David gels nicely with the research I did for our Crossword History timeline. In a memo dated December 18, 1941, an editor for the New York Times conceded that the puzzle deserved space in the paper, considering what was happening elsewhere in the world, and that readers might need something to occupy themselves during blackouts.

David and his contact Donald Erlenkotter, grandnephew of Charles, theorize that Margaret Farrar was behind choosing Erlenkotter’s puzzle. When Farrar was recruited to be the first puzzle editor for the Times, she wouldn’t have been able to use one of her own puzzles as the inaugural puzzle for the newspaper, since that would conflict with her work with Simon & Schuster.

But no doubt Charles had heard of her through her S&S work, contacted her with his own puzzles, and voila! He becomes the first of many constructors to test the puzzly mettle of crossword fans for decades to come!

I’ve long said that one of the most amazing things about the Internet is that connections can now be made that no other technology would’ve allowed for, and this is one more example. Due diligence, keen research, marvelous resources, and the ability to reach out to others with similar interests has added one more vibrant piece to the mosaic of puzzle history.

It’s moments like this that make me the history buff I am.


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